What type of environmental site assessment focuses on identifying possible contamination from current and historical use of the site?

The correct response highlights the significance of a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA), which is primarily concerned with identifying potential sources of contamination associated with both current and historical use of a property. The Phase I ESA involves a thorough review of records, interviews with past owners, occupants, and local officials, as well as a visual inspection of the property.

This type of assessment aims to determine whether there are any recognized environmental conditions (RECs) that may pose risks to human health or the environment. The findings from a Phase I report help stakeholders make informed decisions regarding potential liabilities and necessary further investigations.

A Phase II ESA, in contrast, goes deeper by involving physical sampling and laboratory analysis to assess the extent of contamination if potential issues were identified in the Phase I. Meanwhile, a Phase III ESA is generally focused on remedial actions and solutions to address the contamination found, and a Phase IV ESA usually pertains to monitoring the effectiveness of cleanup efforts. Each of these subsequent phases has a specific purpose that builds on the findings of the Phase I assessment, highlighting why understanding the initial Phase I is critical in the environmental due diligence process.