What is the primary effect of CERCLA and SARA in the US regarding property owners?

The primary effect of CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) and SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act) is to hold owners and operators of property liable for environmental hazards regardless of whether they caused the contamination. This means that if hazardous substances are found on a property, the current or past owners and operators can be held responsible for the cleanup costs and any damages associated with the contamination.

This strict liability principle is designed to ensure that those who own or manage contaminated properties take responsibility for addressing environmental issues, which can include significant financial liabilities for cleanup operations. This liability does not depend on the owner's previous involvement with the contamination, which encourages proper environmental stewardship and discourages neglect or avoidance of environmental responsibilities.

In summary, the correct answer reflects the intent of both CERCLA and SARA to ensure responsible parties are held accountable for environmental hazards, regardless of their direct involvement in the contamination's initial cause. This framework is crucial for protecting public health and the environment.